Q.1) What is Science?
Ans) Science:The word science refers to the study of a fact by collecting information through observation, presenting it in a mathematical way, justifying the idea with experiment and finally making a conclusion about the fact.
Q.2) Define Physics.
Ans) Physics:"Physics is the branch of science which deals with studies of matter its composition, properties, and interaction with energy. It deals with the behaviour and structure of matter and the energy that derives from matter."
Physics is the branch of natural science that studies matter, its motion, its behaviour through space and time and the related entities of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.
Q.3) Name and define the branches of Physics.
Ans) The main branches of Physics are as follows:Mechanics:
This branch of physicals mainly concerned with the laws of motion and gravitation.
Thermodynamics:
Thermodynamics deals with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
Electricity:
Electricity is the study of the properties of charges in rest and motion.
Magnetism:
Magnetism is the study of the magnetic properties of materials.
Atomic Physics:
Atomic physics deals with the composition structure and properties of the atom.
Optics:
Optics studies physical aspects of light and its properties with the help of optical instruments.
Sound:
Sound is the study of production, properties and application of sound waves.
Nuclear Physics:
Nuclear physics deals with the constituents, structure, behaviour and interaction of atomic nuclei.
Particle Physics:
Particle Physics studies the elementary constituents of matter and radiation, and the interaction between them.
Astrophysics:
The study of celestial objects with the help of laws of physics is known as Astrophysics.
Plasma Physics:
The study of state of mater and its properties is known as Plasma Physics, Geophysics: The study of internal structure of earth is known as Geophysics.
Q.4) What is the importance of Physics?
Ans) Importance of Physics in Science. Technology and Society:Society's reliance on technology represents the importance of physics in daily life. Many aspects of modern society would not have been possible without the important scientific discoveries made in the past These discoveries became the foundation on which current technologies were developed.
Discoveries such as magnetism, electricity, conductors and others made modem conveniences, such as television, computers, smart phones, medical instruments, other business and home technologies possible. Moreover, modem means of transportation, such as aircraft and telecommunications, have drawn people across the world closer together all rely on concepts of physics.
It is a matter of fact that Physics can be considered as. the mother of all sciences. The beauty of physics lies in its laws that govern this whole universe from an atom to large scale galaxies and in its experiments from home to large scale experiment labs.
Q.5) In how many categories physicists are categorized?
Ans) Physicists are categorized into two categories: those who observe the nature solve its mysteries with available and missing information, present their theories with mathematical approach. They are known as theoretical physicists and other are more interested to test those theories with experiments are known as experimental physicists.Q.6) What is physical quantity?
Ans) "A property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement is known as physical quantity."Q.7) Define fundamental and derived physical quantities.
Ans) Physical quantities are classified into two categories:Fundamental Quantities:
"Physical quantities which cannot be explained by other physical quantities are called fundamental physical quantities".
There are seven fundamental physical quantities and are listed in the following table along with their units.
| Fundamental Quantities | S.I. Unit | Symbol of Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Length | Meter | m |
| Mass | Kilogram | kg |
| Time | Second | s |
| Thermodynamic Temperature | Kelvin | K |
| Electric Current | Ampere | A |
| Light Intensity | Candela | cd |
| Amount of Substance | Mole | mol |
"Physical quantities which are explained on the basis of fundamental physical quantities".
There are many derived physical quantities but some of them are listed below in the table.
| Derived Quantities | S.I. Unit | Symbol of Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Volume | Cubic Meter | m³ |
| Velocity | Meter per Second | m/s |
| Acceleration | Meter per Second Squared | m/s² |
| Force | Newton | N |
| Work Done | Joule | J |
| Density | Kilogram per Cubic Meter | kg/m³ |
| Power | Watt | watt |
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